Risk Management in a Project

Introduction The concept of risk management is crucial in any project management. Risk management entails measures that are taken to ensure timely completion of a project without many complications.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Risk Management in a Project specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Fertis, Baes and Là ¼thi (2012, p.663) define risk as a potential hazard that may emerge and cause difficulties and hence make it impossible to accomplish set objectives in a certain project. From this definition, it can be deduced that threats are uncertain events that have negative effects on a particular endeavor (Gray Larson 2010, p. 17). There are numerous internal and external factors within a project environment that may instigate risks. Hence, mitigation measures should be put in place in order to identify, analyze and manage such hazards (Fang Marie 2012, p. 635). It is against this background that this paper int ends to analyze and discuss the benefits of managing risks, the evaluation process for effective risk management and recommendations on how risk management can be carried out. Importance of risk management in a project environment Risk management is a process that entails analysis of risks in order to devise appropriate management strategies, a factor that enhances success of a project. Additionally, there are myriads of benefits that occur when such perils are managed (Fang Marie 2012, p. 635). Nevertheless, there exit numerous misconceptions on risk management. In fact, some organizations often regard is as a costly and time wasting activity. To some extent, some organizations perceive that the costs of mitigating certain risks are higher than those of maintaining the resultant effects.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Consequently, they end up starting up projects that a re never accomplished (Madadi Iranmanesh 2012, p.751). Notably, when risks are managed properly, it helps to minimize the operational costs. For instance, whenever a certain risk is identified it should be mitigated before it begins to affect the entire project. In this case, the organization does not have to incur extra cost of managing the risk and repairing the damages caused at the same time (Sorin Serghei 2012, p. 249). Another potential benefit is that it helps to proactively tackle project’s risk factors. In most cases, there are types of risks in projects that are often ignored yet they can adversely affect the progress of a project (Madadi Iranmanesh 2012, p.751). Therefore, management of risks provides a forum to decimate the major and minor risks. Additionally, risk management helps to motivate and boost the performance of workers and other stakeholders. From a careful review of literature, workers often get discouraged by the impending risks. Dorfman (2007, p. 4) argues that nobody would sacrifice his or her effort on a project which is bound to fail. This implies that whenever risks are managed, it creates an assurance of success for the project. Consequently, workers and stakeholders get committed to the project. Fang and Marie (2012, p. 635) elucidate that risk management promotes a collective team identity and also boosts the morale and spirit of members while tackling difficult tasks. In line with the above benefits, Jebrin and Abu-Salma (2012, 289) highlight that risk management is one potential way of managing crisis that occurs and which may often results into failure of a project.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Risk Management in a Project specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In other words, this practice improves the strategic planning and management of a business since it ensures that it will be able to withstand prevailing challenges. Sorin and Serghei (2012 , p. 251) note that managing risks in a project calls for teamwork. Besides, Dorfman (2007, p. 4) acknowledges that risk management in a project creates awareness on how to tackle possible errors in future. Fertis, Baes and Là ¼thi (2012, p.663) assert that some risks are concurrent and therefore, once the stakeholders note the trend of certain risks, they should create awareness to team members on how to respond to such risks. Besides, this practice also fosters effective use of resources. Empirical studies have shown that some of the risks that face projects occur due to inappropriate use of resources. In any project, there are numerous types of resources such as finances, labor and fixed assets (Madadi Iranmanesh 2012, p.751). Once these resources are mismanaged, the project cannot be successful due to shortages. Therefore, it requires team members to use available resources appropriately in order to overcome shortages that can lead to failure of accomplishing the set objective s. Studies have shown that management of risks call for the need to grasp new opportunities. For example, an investment might not be attractive in a given season while there may be an opportunity for investing elsewhere. In this case, the team members can partition some resources and invest them in separate projects. Whenever the main investment improves, it will be an added advantage since the project will have expanded. Abdullah and Verner (2012, p.1930) highlight that this enhances continuous improvement of the project especially when external investments boost the main project. By so doing, the project will experience minimal instabilities (Besner Hobbs 2012, p. 241). In a shift of focus, it is important to know that in risk management, no one is sure of what might come up. Therefore, this calls for a sensitive decision making process in order to increase the likelihood of project success.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Project evaluation It is important to note that evaluation of risks in a project helps one to determine the degree of success and possible failures (Vose 2000, p.5). A project should employ evaluation since it helps to measure the effects of possible risks. In this case, there are numerous ways through which evaluation is conducted during risk management process. One of the possible ways is to rank the risks in order from the most injurious to the least. In addition, the consequences of each hazard can also be considered as an evaluation criterion. Needless to say, Fertis, Baes and Là ¼thi (2012, p.663) observe that other than the consequences, one can use the probability criterion to conduct an evaluation. It is important to note that numerous organizations usually apply the two criteria in order to assess and manage risks facing their projects. That notwithstanding, one can use a business plan to evaluate the mode of risk management (Vose 2000, p.5). For instance, in a business p lan, there are various risks that are been considered. For example, one can refer to the risk map to evaluate the likelihood of a certain hazard to occur. From a careful review of literature, there are several tools that can be used in an evaluation process. For instance, there are maps that are constructed to indicate the likelihood of a risk to occur. As such, the risks are ranked depending on their significance to the project (Madadi Iranmanesh 2012, p.751). Furthermore, other tools that can be applied include SWOT and scenario analysis. The latter may help to explore diverse encounters of a business in future (Besner Hobbs 2012, p. 243). Additionally, projects can also employ evaluation process to devise strategies that can possibly neutralize or even predict possible hazards. An evaluation can also be employed to determine whether to move on or terminate a given project (Gray Larson 2010, p. 57). This is due to the fact that some of the risks can cause more harm while they a re inevitable. For instance, during the current economic recession, some of the investment strategies were heavily affected by the crises. In this case, conducting an evaluation would help one to foresee the inevitable dangers and determine whether to progress with the investment or not (Fang Marie 2012, p. 635). Other than neutralizing and anticipating risks, evaluation process can be employed to estimate risks. In most cases, team members in a project are quick to identify risks yet they are not able to estimate their impacts. Project managers can also use evaluation process to determine the possible changes within the project’s environment. This entails planning on how to cope with competitors, market changes and diverse government policies (Madadi Iranmanesh 2012, p.751). It is imperative to note that failure to conduct an evaluation might destabilize a project especially if it is not able to withstand government policies and other factors in the immediate environment. Therefore, evaluation can be employed to identify abstract threats (Besner Hobbs 2012, p. 245). Recommendations It is important to note that the benefits of managing risks in a project are numerous. Therefore, there are several recommendations that can be implemented in order to ensure an effective and workable risk management plan in any given project. 1.It is recommended that stakeholders should make risk management process to be part of the project and that they should not be ignorant of anticipated risks (Jebrin Abu-Salma 2012, 289). This will enable the team to derive full benefits. For instance, depending on the nature of the project, some members in a team may fall ill, get injured, die or even lose their individual properties. Such threats are often ignored yet they are inevitable. Reviewing the risk analysis record is crucial since it acts as a leeway to risk management. This cannot be possible without an efficient evaluation procedure. 2. Basically, team members should i dentify the possible risks early enough in order to develop a clear mindset to face them. This will help to identify available opportunities that can be utilized to decimate the discovered risks. Fertis, Baes and Là ¼thi (2012, p.663) note that diverse risk identification methods should be employed in order to cover a wide range of unexpected risks. This implies that correlating the probability of the event with the cost incurred is vital. Therefore, whenever an evaluation is done, it is important to come up with a risk impact versus probability chart that gives the project a fine focus (Vose 2000, p.5). 3. Abdullah and Verner (2012, p.1930) recommend that it is vital to provide information on the risks facing a project. In most cases, managers may identify a risk but fail to include the workforce. Risk communication enhances team building and hence individuals pull their efforts collectively in one direction (Madadi Iranmanesh 2012, p.751). Notably, communication helps to expose bigger risks that can easily go unnoticed. As a matter of fact, risks that cannot be noticed easily may often pose the worst threats to an organization before they are eventually identified. This explains why a smooth flow of information and communication should be enhanced whenever any project is being undertaken. 4. Fertis, Baes and Là ¼thi (2012, p.663) are quite unanimous that projects should not merely consider the threats. Opportunities should also be put in mind when undertaking projects. In any case, not all risks may lead to failure of a project. For example, it is worth noting that some risks have positive effects in the sense that they can be turned into viable opportunities towards the successful completion of a given project. For instance, Abdullah and Verner (2012, p.1930) assert that risks create dynamism especially in cases whereby stakeholders struggle to utilize every opportunity to accomplish a project. This kind of dynamism is indeed crucial if a project is to r ecord any significant level of success. 5. Risks facing a project should be prioritized since some have adverse effects than others. Needless to say, those that are more perilous to the project should be ranked top and addressed first while the least should be given the last priority. Nevertheless, prioritizing risks does not imply that the less risky ones should be ignored. Additionally, Fertis, Baes and Là ¼thi (2012, p.663) recommend that risks should be evaluated in order to set preconditions for valuable responses. Evaluation of risks should be conducted in different level and the outcomes should be reviewed in order to foster effective risk management strategies. References Abdullah, L Verner, J 2012, â€Å"Analysis and application of an outsourcing risk framework.† The Journal of Systems and Software, vol. 85 no.8, pp.19-30. Besner, C Hobbs, B 2012, â€Å"The paradox of risk management; a project management practice perspective.† International Journal of Mana ging Projects in Business, vol.5 no.2, pp.230-247. Dorfman, S 2007, Introduction to Risk Management and Insurance, Prentice Hall Press, New Jersey. Fang, C Marie, F 2012, â€Å"A simulation-based risk network model for decision support in project risk management.† Decision Support Systems vol. 52 no.3, pp.635-637. Fertis, A, Baes, M Là ¼thi, H 2012, â€Å"Robust risk management.† European Journal of Operational Research vol. 222, no.3, pp. 663-665. Gray, C Larson, E 2010, Project Management: The Managerial Process, 5th International, McGraw-Hill, London. Jebrin, A. Abu-Salma, A 2012, â€Å"Conceptual Knowledge Approach to Operational Risk Management (A Case Study).† International Journal of Business and Management vol. 7 no.2, pp.289-302. Madadi, M Iranmanesh, H 2012, â€Å"A management-oriented approach to reduce a project duration and its risk (variability). European Journal of Operational Research vol. 219 no.3, pp. 751-755. Sorin, P Serghei, F 2012, â€Å"A typology of unexpected events in complex projects.† International Journal of Managing Projects in Business vol. 5, no.2, pp.248-265. Vose, D 2000, Risk Analysis: A Quantitative Guide, John Wiley Sons, New York. This report on Risk Management in a Project was written and submitted by user Chance Kirby to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Heirloom Essays

Heirloom Essays Heirloom Essay Heirloom Essay Heirloom Solutions Seed Catalog Summary: Heirloom Solutions is a company dedicated to provide the World with seeds that have not been tampered with and of Gods original creation. They are a company that takes its responsibility of protecting the seeds from changing in the structural design that God created the seeds in. Beyond their main focus to keep the seeds pure, is to also combat large and powerful companies from taking complete control and ultimately making pure seeds extinct by the use of hybrid or genetically modified seeds. Analysis: My analysis of Heirloom Solutions is a company that is not only protecting Gods reaction but is also looking out for the well-being of mankind by providing a product that is healthier and will keep producing results for the customer. I find it intriguing how this company has been able to prevent the interference of seed manipulation and have been able to fight the larger companies from buying them out or blocking them to where their profits are too low to maintain operations. Heirloom Solutions has not only found a niche but has been able to find a way to give back to society by providing unaltered seeds for food production. Their not only preserving Gods reaction but are also helping people to lower grocery bills, provide better food, and are providing education for those that wish to become a do-it-yourself gardener. The way the seeds are packaged allow for them to be stored for later use and since these seeds are not genetically modified, the food will produce seeds which means you no longer have to buy more. This article has made me reevaluate the food that is provided to my family and has opened my eyes to gardening. My wife and I will attempt to build a garden of our own next year and we plan to use Heirloom Solutions to provide us with the seeds to accomplish our goals.

The History Iran Sanctions - 1979 Through 2017

The History Iran Sanctions - 1979 Through 2017 Although the United States imposed sanctions against Iran for decades, none levered the country into compliance with international rules regarding terrorism or nuclear energy. By early 2012, however, evidence appeared to be mounting that sanctions by both the U.S. and its global allies were hurting Iran. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action went into effect in 2015, easing tensions and sanctions considerably. Most of the sanctions cut into Irans oil exports, which account for 85 percent of the countrys export revenue. Irans repeated threats to close the Strait of Hormuz, a vital oil conduit, to international use indicated at one point that Iran was kicking at global oil usage to relieve pressure on its own oil industry. The Carter Years Islamic radicals captured 52 Americans at the U.S. Embassy in Tehran and held them hostage for 444 days beginning in November 1979. U.S. President Jimmy Carter tried unsuccessfully to free them, including authorizing a military rescue attempt. Iranians did not free the hostages until just after Ronald Reagan replaced Carter as president on January 20, 1981. The United States broke diplomatic relations with Iran in 1980 in the midst of that crisis. The U.S. also levied its first round of sanctions against Iran during this time. Carter banned imports of Iranian oil, froze some $12 billion in Iranian assets in the U.S. and later banned all U.S. trade with and travel to Iran in 1980. The U.S. lifted the embargoes after Iran released the hostages. Sanctions Under Reagan The Reagan Administration declared Iran a state sponsor of terrorism in 1983. As such, the U.S. opposed international loans to Iran. When Iran began threatening traffic through the Persian Gulf and Strait of Hormuz in 1987, Reagan authorized naval escorts for civilian ships and signed a new embargo against Iranian imports. The United States also banned the sale of dual-use items to Iran – civilian goods with the possibility of military adaptation. The Clinton Years President Bill Clinton expanded U.S. sanctions against Iran in 1995. Iran was still labeled a state sponsor of terrorism and President Clinton took this action amid widespread fear it was pursuing weapons of mass destruction. He prohibited all American involvement with the Iranian petroleum industry. He banned all American investment in Iran in 1997, as well as what little U.S. trade remained with the country. Clinton also encouraged other countries to do the same. Sanctions Under George W. Bush The United States repeatedly froze the assets of people, groups or businesses identified as helping Iran sponsor terrorism under President George W. Bush, as well as those perceived as supporting Irans efforts to destabilize Iraq. The U.S. also froze the assets of foreign entities believed to be helping Iran in those areas. The United States  also banned so-called U-turn financial transfers involving Iran. According to the U.S. Treasury Department, a U-turn transfer involves Iran but originates and ends with non-Iranian foreign banks. Obamas Sanctions of Iran President Barack Obama has been strident with Iranian sanctions. He banned some imports of Iranian foodstuffs and carpets in 2010, and Congress also allowed him to tighten Iranian sanctions with the Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act (CISADA). Obama could encourage non-U.S. petroleum firms to halt the sale of gasoline to Iran, which has poor refineries. It imports nearly one-third of its gasoline. The CISADA also prohibited foreign entities from using American banks if they do business with Iran. The Obama Administration sanctioned Venezuelas nationalized oil company for trading with Iran in May 2011. Venezuela and Iran are close allies. Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad traveled to Venezuela in early January 2012 to meet with President Hugo Chavez, in part  about the sanctions. In June 2011, the Treasury Department announced new sanctions against Irans Revolutionary Guard (already named in other sanctions), the Basij Resistance Force, and Iranian law enforcement entities. Obama ended 2011 by signing a defense funding bill that would allow the U.S. to cease dealing with financial institutions that do business with Irans central bank. The bills sanctions took effect between February and June 2012. Obama was given the power to waive aspects of the bill if implementation would hurt the U.S. economy. It was feared that limiting access to Iranian oil would drive up gasoline prices. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action Six world powers joined together in 2013 to negotiate with Iran, offering relief from some sanctions if Iran would cease its nuclear efforts. Russia, Britain, Germany, France, and China joined the U.S. in this effort, which finally resulted in an agreement in 2015. Then came the prisoner swap in 2016, with the U.S. exchanging seven imprisoned Iranians in exchange for Iran releasing five Americans it was holding. The U.S. lifted its sanctions against Iran under President Obama in 2016.   President Donald J. Trump President Trump announced in April 2017 that his administration intends to review the countrys history of sanctions against Iran. Although many feared this would potentially eradicate the terms of the 2015 deal due to Irans continued support of terrorism, the review was, in fact, provided for and mandatory under the terms of the 2015 pact.

What signals that the quality of supervision is good or bad Essay

What signals that the quality of supervision is good or bad - Essay Example Employees like to be associated with supervisors who listen to issues that are affecting their performance. Therefore, when the supervision is effective and ensures that the working environment is conducive, employees are unlikely to leave the organization because of the uncertainties concerning the next working place. Employees approach towards the supervisor can signal good supervision. Good supervisors have an open-door policy whereby, employees are free to talk to them on any issues that is related to the job without the use of intermediaries. This can be personal or work-related. These are some of the aspects that affect their performance while working in the organization. Therefore, when supervision is good, employees feel free to talk to their supervisors. Employees respect towards the supervisors is a sign of good supervision. Supervisors who integrate with the employees and listen to them earn themselves respect from the subordinates. This is because the employees recognize their effort to make their workplace more comfortable for them. Good balance between work and other activities in the organization is an indication of good supervision. Good supervisors know how to ensure that the work is done effectively and within the timeframe given. This is through encouraging the employees to work as a single team (Cassidy and Robert 31). However, they treat employees as their fellow human beings. This is through interacting with them in order to rectify a problem rather than commanding or yelling at them. Employees trust on their supervisors is an indication of good supervision. Supervisors guide the rest of the employees towards specific objectives. However, when supervisors fail to offer the group with the direction, they lose the trust of the employees. This can be indicated by employees seeking help from the top-level managers, an aspect that involves overlapping the protocols in the organization. Less conflict in a group is a sign of good

Reflection paper on the documentary Worse than war by Mike DeWitt with Essay

Reflection paper on the documentary Worse than war by Mike DeWitt with Daniel Goldhagen as a main star in it - Essay Example Despite the beautiful landscapes that the documentary dots the chilling events with, Goldhagen offers a concise narration of the events behind these genocides and helps in bringing out the serious atrocities. Besides this narration, the documentary brings out deeper implications of these wars with much deeper effects on victims than just the actual act of war, a view that is in most cases not brought to the international focus. As the title illustrates, most of these genocides were not just usual wars but were strategically planned and orchestrated towards weakening a certain side politically, socially, or economically, to offer the perpetrators a leeway to dominate their victims for many years into the future. For instance, the documentary takes viewers to the harrowing stories of Burundi and Rwanda survivors, revealing the real motive of the genocide. The genocide targeted the Hutu to seriously weaken their power in ensuring the Tutsis have unmatched powers to dominate the countryà ¢â‚¬â„¢s politics. The slaughter was not motivated by anything else other than to lessen the powers of Hutus, in addition to eliminating the political elites who were a threat to the prevailing political dynamics. The Hutu survivors narrated how the Tutsis killed or forced their elite tribesmen into exile. One of the respondents noted that the Tutsis wanted to kill their clan because his clan was more educated and thus perceived as a threat to the power hungry Tutsi cliques. This explains the arrest of most victims in government offices or other powerful offices, killed or incapacitated to weaken the voice of the Hutu. In other words, the documentary brings out the point that when the elite in the society is eliminated, the poor have no powers, leaving the perpetrators with an easy way to pursue their agendas with little or no criticism. In Germany, as the documentary narrates, Hitler alongside with the Nazis killed or incarcerated most of the German elites inclined to the communist s or socialist movements, which offered an excellent opportunity for the Nazis to have a total grasp of the country in 1933. After conquering Poland, similar to the Rwandese case, most of the elites in Poland were massively slaughtered, which reduced the resistance of the people towards the German policies to occupy and execute their power in Poland. Genocide is a perfect tool to consolidate power and silence any possible critiques in a regime, offering them the right environment to propagate their ideologies unopposed. Another powerful tool used in these genocides is to socially destabilize the perceived enemies by annihilating the masses from their homes and ancestral lands, which later offers some political expediency as the victims would not have the time to vote or be involved in the political affairs of the country. This was achieved in Indonesia where the mass followers of a communist party were forced into camps. Despite such annihilation, such genocides as happened in Indon esia have religious implications, which permanently alter the life of the victims long after the war. In Indonesia, as the documentary illustrates, the Muslim majority who perpetrated the genocide forced most of the non-muslins to convert into Muslim religion, which changed the victims’

Dave Brubeck Essay Example for Free

Dave Brubeck Essay The late Dave Brubeck left behind a legacy as a jazz pianist, composer, bandleader, husband, and father. He wrote everything that ranged from opera and ballet, to a contemporary mass. Brubeck was well known for experimenting with time signatures unusual to the traditional jazz sound. The uneven meters, along with the incorporation of all kinds of different rhythms in his music, is how he captivated the attention of younger listeners. The significance of Brubeck in the history of jazz is unambiguous. The Dave Brubeck Quartet helped spark an obscure interest in Jazz after World War II, and was a fundamental part of the â€Å"West Coast Cool Jazz† style of music that jazz in the fifties and sixties would be known for. David Warren Brubeck, born on December 6, 1920 in Concord, California, â€Å"was one of Jazz’s first pop stars. †(Brown) In his younger years, his mother Elizabeth played an immense role in the conditioning of his music career. His two older brothers were musicians and Brubeck himself would eventually be playing at weekend dances by the age of fourteen. His schedule was from nine at night to as late as four in the morning. The strenuousness of it caused him to find playing unappealing, and he pursued his dream of being a rancher. His family had moved to a ranch in Ione, California when he was eleven, so he knew how things on the ranch worked. By the time he was eighteen, though reluctant to leave, he attended The College of Pacific in Stockton, California with the intent to study to become a veterinarian and return to the ranch. After only a year, he decided to change his major to music. While in still enrolled in college he, along with a man by the name of Darius Milhaud, whom Brubeck’s first son would eventually be named after, led a twelve piece band. By 1942, he met his wife Iola Whitlock and graduated that year with a degree in music. Immediately following, he enlisted in the Army. In 1944, Brubeck was sent to Europe, however, he never actually fought, but played for troops because of his musical aptness. â€Å"He traveled to the front lines, but armed with a piano instead of a weapon. †(Taylor) By the time he was twenty five years old Dave Brubeck was finished serving in the Army and went back to school, this time attending Mills College on a G. I Bill Scholarship where he reconnected with Milhaud. The two founded the experimental Jazz Workshop Ensemble, and in 1949 it would record as the Dave Brubeck Octet. This was a crucial start to his music career. Later on in the year of 1949 The Dave Brubeck Trio was organized with band members Ron Crotty and Cal Tjader. The trio came to an end before it began due to a neck injury that ended the career of Brubeck for at least six months. Brubeck returned to playing in 1951 with the creation of The Dave Brubeck Quartet. The quartet was comprised of Joe Morello, Paul Desmond (whom Brubeck met while in the Army), and Gene Wright. By 1952 it was categorized as one of Jazz’s greatest combinations. They signed with Fantasy Records in 1953 and released their first album, Jazz at Oberlin. The following year, David Brubeck was featured on the cover of Time magazine. He was only the second jazz artist to be on the cover. The quartet later signed with Columbia Records and began the experimentation with time signatures. The result was the album Time Out. The Dave Brubeck Quartet disbanded in 1967 and only regrouped once in 1976 for the twenty fifth anniversary. Though the quartet came to an end, Brubeck’s career did not. After the breakup of the quartet, Brubeck spent much of his time with his wife, and five children. He did however stick with music. He went on to write at least an oratorio, four cantatas, a contemporary mass, and two ballets. That only lasted a year because in 1968 he created another quartet with Gerry Mulligan and his sons. The late seventies arrived and he was still composing, touring, and performing. In the year 1999, he was named a â€Å"Jazz Master† by the National Endowment for the Arts. Ten years later, he received a Kennedy Center Honor for his contributions to the American Culture. Also in 2009, his son Michael passed away and many health problems began to arise. Brubeck underwent heart surgery in 2010 at the age of ninety but was up and performing again a month later. On Wednesday, December 5th 2012, David Warren Brubeck died. He passed on, one day before his ninety second birthday. The Jazz Legend may be gone, but he left behind four sons, a daughter, his wife, ten grandchildren, four great grandchildren, and music that will outlive everyone.

Revolutionary Causes - USA Essay -- essays research papers

A number of issues raised tensions between the colonies and Great Britain. The already tense atmosphere was pushed even further with a number of taxes, acts and proclamations passed by Britain. These numerous acts usually dealt with taxes and other issues that came into conflict with the independent nature of the American colonists. No one issue was solely responsible for the eventual American Revolution. Though all of these added together raised the resentment to a boiling point and all contributed to the revolution. The harsh frontier life led to the independent and often stubborn nature of the American Colonists. This development of this unique colonial personality conflicted drastically with the norms of the British Empire. This cultural personality also led to the passionately independent and democratic political leanings of the young colonies. The end of the French Indian War left bitter tensions amongst the Native American tribes, Britain and the colonists. The Native tribes were understandably upset with the outcome of the French Indian War. The French had treated the natives fairly and in general, honestly as well. Furthermore they accepted and often adopted the dress or culture of the Natives. This was in contrast to the crooked dealings, corruption and arrogance the Native Americans encountered with the British. The British even denied the very humanity of the American Indian and were contemptuous of the Native culture. After the French were defeated the British continued to treat the Natives unfairly. The Natives were further angered when they were informed that there were now expected to be loyal subjects of a foreign king. With the French gone, even more colonist trickled into Indian lands. The colonists saw the land as a war prize and were eager to expand their settlements. More forts were consequently built to pr otect and regulate the frontier. The Native tribes were alarmed with the British domination and saw their land and culture slipping away. This tension amongst the tribes led to a resurgence of Native culture. A movement embracing the fundamentals of Native traditions that rejected the western culture gained ground. Pontiac, a chief and great orator used his influence to build alliance and untied fellow tribes against the British. The Native Americans launched a bloody war, conquering at least eight British forts. This conflict was ca... ...sidences. These acts were seen as a great intrusion to the colonists. They resented the invasiveness of the acts as well as the financial burdens. This issue was even mentioned in the Declaration of Independence as a point of contention and oppression. New York led the resistance to the Quartering acts. As the British commander?s headquarters, the New York colony argued it carried an unfair portion of the financial burden. The colony initially protested and limited the services and goods it was willing to provide. The defiance increased until December of 1766 when New York refused to honor any of the Quartering Acts. Predictably Britain retaliated. The issue was eventually settled though not to any side?s full satisfaction.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  British and colonial relations were never perfect and they seriously and quickly deteriorated in the years after 1763. In the Declaration of Independence the colonists pointed to issues such as the quartering of troops and unrepresented taxation among the key issues leading to the declaration. All of these issues as well as the very nature and personality of the American colonists resulted in the eventual war with Great Britain.

Cyber Bullying Is the Fastest Growing Trend in Bullying

Cyber bullying is the fastest growing trend in bullying among teens and probably the most dangerous. It gives anonymity to those who don’t want people to actually see them bullying in school. Also, cyber bullying takes away the last sanctuary some of these kids have, their home. What an awful feeling that must be, to come home from a day of being picked on just to be picked on more via internet. Cyber bullying can come in many ways: text message, email, website, blogs, They can be pictures taken from a camera phone sent to many people to see. Teens spend a lot of time on the internet using social websites like, Myspace and Facebook. These are places where a kid can kind of reinvent himself and exert a little creativity. A place to â€Å"get away† and when those things are taken away the results can be disastrous. This was a difficult paper for me to write. I tend to be an empathetic person and reading all of the horrible stories about children taking their own lives and suffering all that abuse really broke my heart. I, like most people, experienced bullying in middle school and it still bothers me today. I wish there was a way to stop all bullying but over half of bullying incidents go unreported. It is terribly sad that millions of children suffer every day at the hands of bullies. These poor souls can go their entire lives living in fear and feeling completely weakened and insufficient. I know first hand the damage caused when a depressed person takes his own life. Learned Helplessness is a lie. There is always a way out, always steps that can be taken. Suicide is a permanent solution to a temporary problem. If only we could get these bullied kids to see that they aren’t alone and that they are capable, wonderful kids. They need to understand that their identity is not defined by these heartless and cruel actions. We may not be able to stop the bullying but we can certainly diminish the lasting effects. I tutor a 5 year old that struggles with being picked up. They make fun of the way his head is shaped and it is horribly remarkable how fast he has become sensitive about the way he looks. Some days you can see the defeat in his eyes and in the way that he moves. It is heart breaking. I am going to close with a poem written by a 14 year old girl whose best friend committed suicide as a result of being bullied.

Oscar Wilde’s Essay

The following essay will examine British Literature in two fold: the first being that of Oscar Wilde’s contribution to British Literature and the second being feminism in British Literature in the 1800’s and on. It is hoped that focusing on two separate but entangled subjects will make the paper more accessible and therefore broader in scope and understanding of the reader to British Literature. Peacocks and Sunflowers:Oscar Wilde’s â€Å"Immoral Aestheticism† as an Escape from Reality into the Realm of Beauty Gilbert, the author’s alter ego in Oscar Wilde’s essay â€Å"The Critic as Artist† (originally published in 1888) declared that â€Å"[a]ll art is immoral† (274), and that phrase turned into a manifesto for the â€Å"immoral aestheticism† doctrine of the famous dandy who decorated rooms with peacock feathers and showed in public with a sunflower in the buttonhole. The writer was condemned by contemporaries as a breacher of Victorian ‘moral’ style of living but justified by successors. As Ellmann explains, â€Å"[s]in is more useful to society than martyrdom, since it is self-expressive not self-repressive† and thus contributes more significantly to the acute goal of â€Å"the liberation of the personality† (Ellmann 310). The man who used to be convicted of the offence of â€Å"gross indecency† is praised now as an icon of decadent and modernist style, a revolutionary in aesthetics and ethics, and a prophet of beauty which is above and outside any boundaries. The concept of art and beauty as abstract notions being unrelated to the narrowly dichotomous morals takes a key position in Wilde’s oeuvre. Today’s critics are never tired in their coining of appropriate definitions for the writer’s aesthetic programme. Gillespie, one of the most important researchers of Wilde’s legacy, viewed it as consisting of â€Å"paradoxical gestures† which â€Å"delineate an aesthetic that celebrates the impulse to integrate, amalgamate, and conjoin rather than separate, dissipate, or disperse† (37). Although the writer was aware of â€Å"the grave spiritual dangers involved in a life of immoral action and experiment† (Pearce 164), he underlined the right of an artist to be immoral for the sake of eternal beauty. In his aestheticism, Wilde was an admirer and disciple of essayist and art critic Walter Horatio Pater with the latter’s emphasis on the esthete as a novel kind of being (Murphy 1992; Wood 2002). He was also immersed into the late 19th century cultural milieu as being involved into a polylogue on the topics of art, artist, ethics, and beauty which resulted in the emergence of Decadence and Modernism (Bell 1997). Altogether with the English fin de siecle men of art such as A. C. Swinburne, Walter Pater, Lionel Johnson, Ernest Christopher Dowson, George Moore Symons, and D. G. Rossetti, Wilde researched the concept of aesthetics as being constructed by a person who was proud of â€Å"[his] non-participation †¦ in ethical controversy† (Woodcock 53) and thus freed from the restrictions imposed by society and common law. Oscar Wilde’s â€Å"immoral aestheticism† as an integral part of the decadent and early modernist styles is what the present proposal attempts to look at. It will research Wilde’s critical and fictional legacy in regard to ideas and concepts as pertinent to the new understanding of relationship between art and morals. This proposal attempts to re-examine Oscar Wilde as a theorist of the novel aesthetics, establishing a link between the writer and other theorists and critics to prove that the call for immoral aestheticism was a brilliant attempt to overcome the boredom of reality and enter the world of absolute beauty. Modern Women’s Voices: Sexual Subjectivity in the texts of Victorian and contemporary British women writers Feminism is still one of the most popular critical lenses to zoom into details of history of literature and social life (Brennan 2002; Jackson 1998; Kemp 1997; Scott 1996), and it is proven to be useful within the framework of the given proposal aimed at tracing the common and differentiating points of the two critical periods of British literature. I am especially interested in the late Victorian epoch with its rise of independent women’s suffragist voices and the latest period with its diversity of tones and melodies composed by women writers amidst the turmoil of free speech and re-thinking of common gender values such as career, family, child-rearing, and gender relationships. The novels chosen are The Story of a Modern Woman by Ella Hepworth Dixon (1894), Anna Lombard by Victoria Cross (the pseudonym of Annie Sophie Cory1901), Foreign Parts by Janice Galloway (1994) and Olivia Joules and the Overactive Imagination by Helen Fielding (2004). The earlier and later books are divided by almost a century but despite a temporal distance there are common motives and aspirations which approximate the Victorian ‘New Woman’ and a modern British female as depicted in fiction. The feminist movement of the late Victorian period was pre-conditioned by many factors which made the trend not accidental but seriously grounded in the wider social context being permeated by patriarchal ascendance and rigidness of social structure (Bernstein 1997; Lewis and Ardis 2003). The ‘New Women’ movement that acquired much power during the period from the late 1890s to roughly 1915 featured a range of opinions concerning the heightened role of a female in a modern society (Walls 2002; Mitchell 1999). As Ardis (1990) observed, Dixon went farther than her colleagues in asserting the preciousness and independency of a woman as a self-sustaining creature (see also Fehlbaum 2005), whereas Cross’s Anna Lombard represents another type of the late Victorian womanhood as sacrificing her desires and aspirations for the sake of the traditional familial institution. The most recent books by Galloway and Fielding cannot be straight-forwardly labeled as ‘feminist’ writing, although they utilise some stylistic elements of feminist narration (Greene 1991). Whereas Galloway vividly portrays contemporary women as being able to function outside the patriarchic framework but provides no answer to the question about the appropriateness of such life style, Fielding is often criticised for the attempts to find consensus with a men’s world and, therefore, to abandon the programme of modern Amazons (Marsh 2004). Anyhow, both contemporary British women of letters share specific ideas concerning authorship and the interplay between feminist and non-feminist traditions to the extent that they can be seen as spiritual sisters of their Victorian predecessors. Being equipped with solid theoretical instruments from gender studies and psychology (e. g. Lacanian psychoanalytic theory) to conceptualise the evolution of womanhood and gendered selves in Great Britain throughout a century, I hope to establish a link between late Victorian and recent women’s writings with a special emphasis on the literary features of the female novel. The freshness of the proposal is in the choice of research objects (all the four novels are not enough extensively discussed by academic critics) and the carrying of analysis within the theoretical framework concerning authorship that was proposed by a Russian scholar Michael Bakhtin.

buy custom British Empire essay

buy custom British Empire essay British North America refers to states that were colonized by British Empire located in the north of the America continent; the most visible countries include Canada. The British colonies in that region date back before 18th century but the changes in economic, demographic, social and cultural changes affected the colony towards and after the 18th century. The 18th century was characterised by industrial revolution which started in United Kingdom and later spread to other parts of Eastern Europe, North America and Asia (Leigh 22). Industrial revolution brought about changes in economic, political and social cultural conditions of the time (Hackett 21). It was the period referred to as the era of enlightenment (world history.org), it was a period in which religion believe of was replaced by the scientific reasoning (Hackett 33). Advancement in peoples way of questioning what was traditionally believed to be true changed many ways of doing things at that time in history. These revoluti ons brought in the conflict between the rulers and people. This era occurred at different times in different places of the world, but is believed to have occurred between 17th and 18th century both in Europe and America. These changes affected the imperial contest of the proceeding 18th century and overturned the worlds powers forever (Leigh 37). Industrial revolution led to improved means of production. These changes spread from Europe to America and other parts of the world. These led to new worlds orders and British colonies were now being lost to other emerging world powers (Hackett 52). This empowerment also brought resistance by the people who were colonised and may have led to America war against British in 1812 (Leigh 54). According to Leigh (93), with the improvement in economic welfare of the population, changes developed in the demographic pattern and sizes. There started development of towns and trading places, People clustered along those places (Leigh 94). There was also increment in life expectancy due to improvement in peoples lifestyles and healthy facilities. This concentration of people improved communication, where North American people learned of their mistreatment and planned how to counter the British imperial rule (Hackett 97). There was spread of various protestant churches from Europe. Those churches were not united and thus they worked to weaken those from United Kingdom .There were changes in arts and music (Leigh 102). This changed ways of expression and communications (Hackett 114). These improvements led to more people demanding their independence rights and thus weakening the Imperial ruling of United Kingdom (Leigh 119). Most of these changes brought enlightenment to the colonized population, changed economic and political power house from the traditional countries of United Kingdom to other European and American countries, thus leading to imperial contest of 18th century (Hackett 163) Buy custom British Empire essay

Auditing Contemporary Accounting Research

Auditing is the assessment of the books of accounts in order to ensure the future of any business entity. Audited assessments may not be pure and may be influenced by risks such as inherent. These risks are known as financial assessment risks which include control risk, inherent risk and detective risk. Various theories have been developed by financial frameworks to guide and help solve such risks at different financial review process stages. The scope of this paper contends to the review of inherent risk within a telecommunication company known as One.Tel Company. The paper further looks into various factors which may be the cause of accelerating rate of inherent risks as seen within the organization mentioned. There are other hypotheses such the area of going concern which has been discussed within the paper as well. Inherent risk is one of the assessment risks being experienced by the auditors during financial statement preparations of a given institution like one.tel. Inherent risks occurs as a result of fraud or oversights during financial report analysis (Menon and Williams 2010). This kind of risk may be controlled when various hypotheses and control measures are utilized accordingly. The risk is subject to accelerate and ranks high companies as a result of the various inherent factors discussed below.    Inherent factors leading to increase of inherent risk at the financial report stages in teOne.tel Company according to the given report. Lack of enough directors to administration the company The geographical market separation influencing the company sales abilities Incompetency as a result of new recruitments on going in the company Influx of several companies joining telecommunication industry Newness of one.tel into the industry Stiff competition in the industry from other stable telephony providers The expansion in inherent risk in One.Tel Telecommunication Company may be as a result of the insufficiency of administration abilities by the directorate identities who are new to the framework. In the events of few individuals with numerous obligations the rate of an increased inherent risk always stands high as the personalities are more likely to make mistakes.   One.Tel is working all around in the overall business sector. In the last trading period the association amassed a total of $M 678.2 from the arrangements in the overall business division. The association accumulated $M 429.4 from Australia, $ 144 million from the UK, France $ 15.1 million, $36.6 from Netherlands, $M 39.2 Hong Kong in conclusion $13.2 million from various parts of the world. This information shows the clumsiness on net offers of the association in the overall business segment (Al Nawaiseh and Jaber 2015). The association is a starting affiliation which infers new workforce enrollments who must grasp to the business structures of operations. Exactly when new characters are brought on board there is likely hood of oversights provoking extended inborn dangers. (New agents may be unfaithful to the evaluator to cover their idiocy inciting an extension in the intrinsic danger. There might be affectations for relationship to distort the budgetary report amplifying the inalienable risk. The motivations can be either from inside environment or the outside environment (Kerler and Brandon 2010). A valid example the shareholders' worth is extremely uncommon by virtue of One.Tel Telecommunication Company (Dusenbury et al. 2000). The Company has got shareholders' estimation of $M (365.6) which is seen to be abnormal. Such kind of recordings may be as result of longing for extended advantage by the association who may distort figures to procure a prize. Combinations in business and intense conditions would be foreseen to influence the inherent danger risk of a given substance like one.tel in the media transmission industry. The association is going up against strong competition from stable media transmission firms like Telstra owning 57% of the total supplies, Optus 31% and Vodafone owning 115 of whatever is left of the bits of the general business (Humphrey and Miller 2012). If there should be an occurrence of such firm competition, inalienable danger of little association joining the business revives at a higher speed. There is an inconceivable number littler scale transporters joining the business inciting an arrangement of compact supplier benefits and reduced expenses. The surge is as an eventual outcome of high competition, diminished earnings, expenses and low wage period per association inciting high inherent risk. The association has as of late joined the business in this way experiencing budgetary instability.it is exceptionally obvious that all the more consistent economies like that of Optus, Vodafone and Telstra are not slanted to dangers appeared differently in relation to various associations joining the systematic one. Less consistent economies attract high natural danger since there is nonattendance of business organization and operations inside a given industry inciting high characteristic danger. The gathering or the commentator evaluates the variables of the threats through sensible appraisal Evaluation of risk results into two sorts of threats which for this circumstance is an inherent risk. The recognized risk is a section of material misrepresentation of the cash related verbalization motivated by a couple of variables (Wilks and Zimbelman 2004). Variables relating to deception can be recognized in the midst of procedure change process while those component that prompts an expansion in inborn as a result of blackmail are identifiable by method for the AU demonstration 316. The above recorded elements coming as a consequence of misrepresentation can be distinguished and oversaw at a lower preliminaries of appraisal. Components prompting an expansion in inherent risk at the bookkeeping level Several abnormal transaction for the period ended Weakness of advantages for misfortune or misappropriation Conclusion required in deciding record parities As demonstrated by the books of records given the association is running more on liabilities than the advantages. In the event that the Ratio of liabilities to assets is high the rate of natural dangers climbs (Elder and Allen 2003). One.tel Company is experiencing wild augmentation in liabilities as showed in the books of record, current liabilities has extended in terms of finance in the late one year provoking an extended innate danger at the accounting level. This has been as an outcome of a development in the game plans, measure of got capita and the records payable. There is diminished rate of pay into the association provoking an extended characteristic danger. The abnormality of the figures in the receivables have reduced and the association needs to examine it from the edges (Allen et al.2006). The rate of pay period through the receivables has reduced from small amount into a higher value in the last ended period.   The rate of an expansion in the characteristic danger is high at the bookkeeping level when we make exchanges which require new preparing. In case of such case the evaluator of a business substance like One.Tel Telecommunication Company may commit errors prompting an expansion in inalienable danger. The benefit report gave indicates high rate of shareholders being brought into the association. This has been seen through the development in shareholders' quality. The association has issued an extensive measure of shares to get wage for the operations. Right when there is high shares being issued it happens into an extended inalienable rate at the books of records (Blay et al 2011). The rate of association borrowings have enlivened in the last trading period. Right when an association is chipping away at the reason of commitments the rate of inherent danger in the books of records upturns. The event of tremendous exchanges the middle of the exchanging day and age has a conceivable expansion the inalienable danger. Precisely when another exchange happens unequivocally towards the end of an exchanging period, there are high odds of slips in the books of records. Such different operations might be a test to the examiner and agents and may understand high characteristic hazard (Haron et al 2009). Right when an exchange is attempting, analysts may perform wrong strategy in the records in this way increment the trademark danger. A valid example the advantage and incident record given in the occasion that shows bizarre trade which has exceedingly extended. These peculiar trades may be as a delayed consequence of fakes achieved by weight from various environment. In the event that the arrangement amid an exchanging period is convoluted, it is likely that there will be an expansion in innate danger. Regarding One.Tel Telecommunication Company, the books of records shows complex sorts of exchanges, for example, the shareholder's disparity, stores and profit might be hard to comprehend prompting high innate danger at the bookkeeping level. The sort of judgment made by the evaluator amid the way toward adjusting of reviewers is prone to impact characteristic danger. In the event that the record report on a given exchange might be actuated by a few variables inside the organization (Gaganis and Pasiouras 2007). These judgments can be influenced by the sort of operation and the administration weight. The weakness of the organization's advantages for misfortune or misappropriations prompts expanded intrinsic danger at the bookkeeping level. Amid the exchange passages, it is apparent that straightforward misappropriation of a benefit result into quickened characteristic danger. Case in point taking scattering of an advantage for obligation may prompt an expansion in the innate danger (Herd and Lavelle 2014). There are several factor according the given financial report leading to the area of going concern. The area of going concern is based on accounting and audit report from the previous trading period. The financial reports from the company indicates the rate instability the company is experiencing. The company’s books of accounts indicates an increased rate of borrowings performed by the organization in the recent trading period (Carson et al. 2012.). It is clear from the above trade that the rate of going concern depends more on kind of benefit and misfortunes in the money related declaration. If there should be an occurrence of low benefit era, the nature of going concern stays low, when the sorts of a benefit is medium or high, the going concern is either low or high. Intrinsic danger in the association's cash related clarification is regarded to be high since the association works in a significantly controlled industry (Sanni and Zainab 2011). Regardless of the way that the suspicion may be correct, it is hard to coordinate the going with conditions that may provoke the going use of a going concern. The method for a running stress in run with depends on upon the utilization of the stipulated cash related framework. The way of productivity of a business impacts the way of the going worry as either low, medium or high. The organization is additionally having refundable shares of from the shareholders’ value. Regardless this clarifies the present circumstance the business and the need of going concern. One.tel media transmission organization chiefs and the review group ought to clarify conclusions whether to leave the business or continue in light of the going concern (Normah 1999). The area of going concern in this case is seen to be high based on the following issues. The company is running in debts, there is high rate of risks, poor management as a result few board managers and high share being issued to the public. Financial risk assessment is very important for the growth of any given business entity. It is clear as seen in the above discussion shows the relevance of the Nature of auditing performed in the business. The company is clearly running in negative indicating the need for the application of the area of going concern (Zainab et al. 2013). It is upon the audit team and the company board of management to make decision based on the area of going concern. The area of going concern is one of the hypotheses developed by GAAP frameworks. The area of going concern applied to any business depends on the relation of profit and losses. When the company is running at a loss the rate of going concern becomes proportionally high. Zainab, A.N., Sanni, S.A., Edzan, N.N. and Koh, A.P., 2013. Auditing scholarly journals published in Malaysia and assessing their visibility. arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.5379. Normah, B., 1999, August. Malaysian serials: issues and problems. In 65th IFLA Council and General Conference, Bangkok, Thailand (pp. 1-8). Sanni, S.A. and Zainab, A.N., 2011. Evaluating the influence of a medical journal using Google Scholar. Learned Publishing, 24(2), pp.145-154. Carson, E., Fargher, N.L., Geiger, M.A., Lennox, C.S., Raghunandan, K. and Willekens, M., 2012. Audit reporting for going-concern uncertainty: A research synthesis. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 32(sp1), pp.353-384. Menon, K. and Williams, D.D., 2010. Investor reaction to going concern audit reports. The Accounting Review, 85(6), pp.2075-2105. Blay, A.D., Geiger, M.A. and North, D.S., 2011. The auditor's going-concern opinion as a communication of risk. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 30(2), pp.77-102. Feldmann, D.A. and Read, W.J., 2010. Auditor conservatism after Enron. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 29(1), pp.267-278. Geiger, M.A. and Rama, D.V., 2006. Audit firm size and going-concern reporting accuracy. Accounting Horizons, 20(1), pp.1-17. Geiger, M.A. and Rama, D.V., 2006. Audit firm size and going-concern reporting accuracy. Accounting Horizons, 20(1), pp.1-17. Haron, H., Hartadi, B., Ansari, M. and Ismail, I., 2009. Factors influencing auditor’s going concern opinion. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 14(1), pp.1-19. Gaganis, C. and Pasiouras, F., 2007. A multivariate analysis of the determinants of auditors' opinions on Asian banks. Managerial Auditing Journal, 22(3), pp.268-287. O'Reilly, D.M., 2009. Do investors perceive the going-concern opinion as useful for pricing stocks?. Managerial Auditing Journal, 25(1), pp.4-16. Fitriani, L. and Sudarsono, D.T.E., 2007. Disclosure Index laporan Tahunan 2004 Emiten di BEJ. PESAT, Gunadarma, 2. Allen, R.D., Hermanson, D.R., Kozloski, T.M. and Ramsay, R.J., 2006. Auditor risk assessment: Insights from the academic literature. Accounting Horizons, 20(2), pp.157-177. Elder, R.J. and Allen, R.D., 2003. A longitudinal field investigation of auditor risk assessments and sample size decisions. The Accounting Review, 78(4), pp.983-1002. Wilks, T.J. and Zimbelman, M.F., 2004. Decomposition of Fraudà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Risk Assessments and Auditors' Sensitivity to Fraud Cues. Contemporary Accounting Research, 21(3), pp.719-745. Dusenbury, R.B., Reimers, J.L. and Wheeler, S.W., 2000. The audit risk model: An empirical test for conditional dependencies among assessed component risks. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 19(2), pp.105-117. Mock, T.J. and Wright, A., 1993. An exploratory study of auditors' evidential planning judgments. Auditing, 12(2), p.39.

The Technology of Netflix Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Technology of Netflix - Research Paper Example There are not many companies properly involved in the online renting of movies. Moreover, Netflix plays by keeping its cost low as it tries to attract customers to frequently use its services instead of getting movies from stores or going to cinemas. Analysts believe that Netflix is now facing a tough competition in the face of other companies such as Amazon and Apple, which have also started to provide online movie services at an affordable rate. Furthermore, the cost differentiation strategy used by Netflix has been pretty successful is retaining â€Å"frequent watchers† who use the service frequently. Alongside, the company’s differentiation strategy has allowed it to get accessed by customers who avoid going to stores and want to watch movies from the comfort of their homes. Porter’s Five Forces model was discovered in 1979 by Mr. Michael E. Porter of Harvard Business School. This model is used to give five factors that can be used to determine the stage of rivalry within a business. This would subsequently be used to determine the attractiveness of a market. Market attractiveness can be understood in terms of the overall profit levels achieved by an industry. To start off, Porter’s Five Forces model consists of the following five forces, namely threat of new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of customers, the threat of substitutes and competitive rivalry in an industry. The application of each of these factors to Netflix will now be done to show how this business model works. The easier it is for new corporations to come into in the same business line as Netflix, the tougher would the competitive environment be. For any competitor to start up an online movie rental company, it would require enormous sums of money. Considering the amount of investments that would need to be made in setting contracts